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一、闡述觀點(diǎn)或進(jìn)行論證

(1) 就我所知：as far as I know，to my knowledge

(2) 在我看來：from my point of view，in my view/opinion/personal judgment，it seems to me that

(3) 關(guān)于，就……而言：in reference to，with regard to，in respect to/of，as to，as/so far …is concerned

(4) 一般來說：generally speaking

(5) 概括地說：in general terms

(6) 嚴(yán)格地說：strictly speaking

(7) 更準(zhǔn)確地說：precisely speaking，more specifically speaking

(8) 可以肯定地說：It is safe to say that…

(9) 我認(rèn)為：I think/ believe that…

(10) 人們認(rèn)為：It is believed that…

(11) 通常認(rèn)為：It is generally accepted that…

(12) 常言道：It used to be said that…

(13) 眾所周知：As is known to all， …；It is well known to all that…

(14) 據(jù)說：It is said that…

(15) 據(jù)報(bào)道：It is reported that…

(16) 有人指出：It is pointed out that…

(17) 有人估計(jì)：It is estimated that…

(18) 必須指出：It must be pointed out that…

(19) 必須承認(rèn)：It must be admitted that…；we must admit that…

(20) 我們必須對(duì)…引起注意：we must pay/attach/draw great attention to…

二、例證/補(bǔ)充說明/進(jìn)一步闡述

(1) 例如：for example，for instance，such as

(2) 以…… 為例：take …for example

(3) 等等：and so on，and so forth，and all，and others，and the like，as well

(4) 同樣地：similarly，likewise，in the same way

(5) 事實(shí)上：in fact，in effect，as a matter of fact

(6) 特別是：particularly，in particular，especially

(7) 再者，更重要的是：what’s more，more than that，the most important

(8) 此外：moreover，furthermore，in addition，in addition to that，besides

(9) 即，也就是說：that is， that is to say，or，namely

(10) 換言之：in other words，or，that is

三、陳述觀點(diǎn)/理由/措施

1、提出問題

(1) ……的原因有許多：There are many reasons why…

(2) ……的原因如下：The reasons why …are as follows

(3) 我的看法是……：My opinion is that…；From my point of view， …；In my opinion…

(4) 這個(gè)問題的最佳解決方案是……：The best solution to the problem is

2、展開討論

（1）第一層

①首先：first，firstly，in the first place，first of all，to begin with，for one thing

②我的第一點(diǎn)理由是：My first reason is that…

③主要因素是：The main factor is that…

（2）第二層

①其次：second, secondly, in the second place，next，then，for another

②一種方法是：Another means of … is to …

③第二種解決方法是：The second solution is that…

（3）第三層

第三點(diǎn)：third，thirdly，besides，in addition，in addition to that，furthermore，what is more important…

3、總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)

(1) 最后一點(diǎn)：last，lastly，last but not least，finally，in the last place，last of all，shortly，briefly

(2) 簡(jiǎn)言之：in brief，in short，in summary，to sum up

(3) 總之：in a word，in conclusion，in all，altogether

(4) 因此：so，thus，hence，therefore，consequently，for these reasons

(5) 結(jié)果：in consequence，as a result